Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong used the World Economic Forum in Davos this week to launch an unusually direct challenge to top French monetary officials, sharpening a broader global debate over who should control the future of money. In a series of high‑profile panels and interviews, Armstrong cast Bitcoin and crypto as a counterweight to central banks, arguing that citizens deserve alternatives to state‑managed currencies. The clash brought long‑simmering tensions between the crypto industry and European policymakers into the open, giving Davos a more confrontational tone than in previous years.

The flashpoint came during a panel on tokenization, where Armstrong publicly corrected Banque de France governor François Villeroy de Galhau after the French central banker described Bitcoin as relying on “private issuers.” Armstrong responded that Bitcoin is a protocol with no single issuer and that its decentralized structure makes it “more independent” than any central bank, because no government, company, or individual can control it. Villeroy countered that democratic mandates and institutional accountability make central banks more trustworthy than unregulated monetary systems, underscoring Europe’s preference for state‑backed digital currencies over open crypto networks.

Armstrong used the exchange to promote what he framed as “healthy competition” between Bitcoin and government money, insisting that people should be free to decide which system they trust more. He highlighted Bitcoin’s fixed supply and lack of a “money printer,” arguing that it offers a form of discipline on government spending at a time of rising concern over debt and inflation. The comments resonated with some Davos attendees who see crypto as a hedge against traditional finance, while alarming officials who fear that large‑scale shifts into private digital assets could weaken monetary sovereignty.

Beyond the stage confrontation, Armstrong spent the week lobbying global leaders on U.S. crypto market‑structure legislation and the role of stablecoins, accusing traditional banks of trying to use regulation to stifle new competitors. He argued that properly regulated stablecoins should be allowed to pay interest, warning that banning yields on U.S.‑regulated tokens would simply push innovation offshore to more permissive jurisdictions. French officials, backed by some European bankers, pushed back that interest‑bearing private tokens could destabilize deposits and undermine the core funding model of commercial banks.

The Davos confrontation between Coinbase’s chief and French leaders signaled a turning point in how the cryptocurrency question is handled in elite policy circles. Bitcoin itself, long sidelined in favor of discussions about blockchain infrastructure and central bank digital currencies, moved to the center of the conversation as a direct challenger to the existing monetary order. With U.S. regulators reworking crypto rules and European authorities advancing stringent frameworks of their own, this week’s clash in the Swiss Alps previewed a deeper political struggle over who will set the rules of digital finance in the years ahead.

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